Beyond exercise, emerging interventions like biomarker screening, early detection, and new pharmacologic approaches show the most promise for dementia prevention. Peter Atia discusses how health priorities shift across decades, why cancer and neurodegenerative diseases present unique challenges, practical use of wearables and DEXA scans, and how to evaluate high-protein diets, artificial sweeteners, and real-world health trade-offs with actionable strategies for patients. Health priorities shift dramatically across life decades: in your 20s, expand capacity through training; in your 40s, focus on disease prevention and metabolic health; in your 60s and beyond, maintenance or recovery are equally viable approaches. Of the four major chronic diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular disease are most preventable with clear tools and drivers, while cancer presents greatest uncertainty since 50% of cases arise without observable risk factors, making screening critical.