Migraine affects 12% of the global population—nearly 1 in 5 women—yet receives minimal medical school training and faces a critical shortage of specialists. In this master class, world-renowned headache neurologist Brian Grosberg breaks down the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and cutting-edge treatments for migraine, cluster, and tension headaches, explaining why these disorders are frequently misdiagnosed and how lifestyle, genetics, and hormones drive disease severity. Migraine is a neurovascular disease, not just pain—it involves distinct phases (premonitory, aura, headache, postdrome), genetic susceptibility, and hormonal triggers, requiring individualized treatment plans rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.