Deep brain stimulation and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are revolutionizing treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, binge eating disorder, depression, and addiction by targeting compulsive reward-seeking circuits. Dr. Casey Halpern explains how electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens can interrupt the urge-despite-risk behavior common across these conditions, and why machine learning may soon predict dangerous impulses before patients experience them. Deep brain stimulation achieves a 50% responder rate for severe OCD by delivering targeted electrical pulses to the nucleus accumbens, reducing compulsive behaviors in patients who have failed medication and cognitive behavioral therapy.