Artificial superintelligence could arrive within years, transforming human existence through life extension, mind uploading, and radical cognitive enhancement—but only if we navigate alignment risks and philosophical questions about meaning in a post-scarcity world. Nick Bostrom explores why technological maturity might require us to fundamentally redesign what it means to be human. Superintelligence could emerge within a single-digit number of years once AGI arrives, potentially triggering an intelligence explosion that unlocks transformative technologies like life extension and biological engineering within months.