For the first time in recent history, the U.S. is waging war without European allies—and President Trump is furious. Mark Landler explains why European countries refuse to join the Iran conflict, citing skepticism about military strategy, historical trauma from Iraq, and growing energy crises at home. As tensions escalate with NATO threats, Europe faces an impossible choice: stay out of an unwanted war or risk economic collapse from blocked oil supplies. European leaders are deeply skeptical that military strikes will solve the nuclear threat Trump claims to address, pointing out Iran's nuclear program was already crippled by previous U.S. and Israeli operations. Trump views European military support through a binary lens: if allies aren't helping on offensive operations, they're not helping at all, despite European willingness to support defensive and logistical efforts.