The U.S. signed a historic nuclear deal with Saudi Arabia while escalating war against Iran's nuclear program—a contradiction that raises proliferation risks across the Middle East. David Sanger explains what both countries gain, why fuel enrichment remains unresolved, and how this undermines nuclear nonproliferation globally. Saudi Arabia will build at least two nuclear reactors over 30 years with American companies, extending U.S. influence and energy ties, but the deal leaves unresolved whether Saudis can enrich their own uranium to weapons-grade levels.